|
Kaliakra ((ブルガリア語:Калиакра)) is a long and narrow headland in the Southern Dobruja region of the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, located 12 km east of Kavarna and 60 km northeast of Varna. The coast is steep with vertical cliffs reaching 70 m down to the sea. Kaliakra is a nature reserve, where dolphins and cormorants can be observed. It sits on the Via Pontica, a major bird migration route from Africa into Eastern and Northern Europe. Many rare and migrant birds can be seen here in Spring and Autumn and, like much of this coastline, is home to several rare breeding birds (e.g. Pied Wheatear and a local race of European Shag). The rest of the reserve also has unusual breeding birds; Saker Falcon, Lesser Grey Shrike and a host of others. It also features the remnants of the fortified walls, water-main, baths and residence of Despot Dobrotitsa in the short-lived Principality of Karvuna's medieval capital.〔 The Bolata Cove with a small sheltered beach lies just north at the mouth of a picturesque canyon, also part of the nature reserve. ==Name and history== The following names have been used for the headland and the fortress throughout their history: * Thracian: ''Tirizis'' (Greek: Τίριζις) * (ラテン語:T(i)rissa) * , ''Akrai'' or ''Kalē Akra'' * (ブルガリア語:Нос Калиакра) * (イタリア語:Capo Calacria) * (トルコ語:Celigra Burun) * (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Caliacra) The name "Kaliakra" is of Byzantine Greek origin. It is a combination of "καλός" ("beautiful") and "άκρα" ("headland" or "fortress") and is traditionally translated as "Beautiful Headland".〔 Kaliakra was the site of the naval Battle of Cape Kaliakra on 11 August 1791, part of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). The first modern lighthouse on Kaliakra was built in 1866 by the Compagnie des Phares de l’Empire Ottomane; the present one (a 10-m cylindrical stone masonry tower with lantern and gallery) was erected in 1901, with focal plane height of 68 m and a white flash (every 5 seconds); it also has a radio navigation emitter and a foghorn.〔 Near Kaliakra, there is a large mediumwave broadcasting facility, which went never in service as planned. Currently (2009), several wind power facilities are under development in the vicinity. The area now has 3 championship golf courses designed by the legendary golfers Gary Player and Ian Woosnam. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaliakra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|